Video and Sound Production: Exercises
24/4/2024 - 22/5/2024 / Week 1 - Week 5
Tee Jia Ern / 0348512
Video and Sound Production / Bachelor of Design in Creative Media
Exercises
LECTURES
Week 1: Basics of Cinematography
Shot size is the quantity of space that is visible in a single shot or frame.
Camera angle describes how the camera is positioned in reference to the topic being filmed.
Composition is the arrangement of visual components inside an image or frame
Week 2: Storytelling
Act one: Introduction The protagonist, their environment, and their predicament are introduced in the first act.
Act Two: The confrontation. Of the three acts, the second is the longest and most intricate.
Act three: The resolution. The plot resolves and achieves its climax in the third act.
Week 3: Framing & Storyboard
Earliest Cinema
- Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (The Lumière Brothers, 1896) is a silent documentary film
- L’Arroseur Arrosé (The Lumière Brothers, 1895) is considered as silent comedy film
- During the invention of the motion picture camera, simple shots were made as the camera was placed as an audience member
- This doesn't do 3 dimensional objects justice, so the action was broken up into shots and sequences to depict fragments of reality
- Cinema technique is the manipulation and arrangement of shots and sequence
Cinematography
- Film is comprised of multiple shots
- Shot is the continuous view provided by a single camera, camera placement is a essential part of it
- Sequence is a collection of scenes or shots complete in itself
- Scene is the place of the action, often as a sequence
Shot Size
1. Extreme wide shot
- Reveals a broad view of the character's surroundings
- Exhibits scale, distance and geographical location
2. Wide shot
- Contains subject and surroundings
- If utilised in the start it's known as an establishing shot
3. Medium wide shot
- Above the knee
- Provides a nice balance of figure and surrounding
4. Medium shot
- Above waist shot
- Emphasise gesture and expression
5. Medium close-up shot
- Portrait Shot
- Focuses on expression
6. Close-up shot
- Isolate the most crucial part of the subject
- Draw attention to facial expression and details of a object
7. Extreme close-up shot
- Focus on the detail of a face or an object
- Heighten drama or impact
8. Over the shoulder
- Displays the subject from a different person's shoulder
shoulder Fig 1.1: Shot Size
Camera Angle
Composition
- Using the rule of thirds, place subjects at the crossing points
Subject Angle
- Facial modelling is optimised when the subject is 3/4 angled
- 3 dimensional solidity is most apparent when 2 or more surfaces are captured
- Angle the camera so that parallel lines converges ideally to the right
Subject Height
1. Eye level angle
- The subject's eye level
2. Low angle
- Camera is facing upwards to view the subject
- Make a character seem bigger or stronger
3. High angle
- Camera is facing downwards to view the subject
- Gives an impression of the character being smaller or weaker
Screen Direction
Dynamic Screen Direction
- When depicting a moving subject, eg. a person walking, the camera should travel in the same direction to show progression
Static Screen Direction
- When shooting with 2 characters with a second or third camera, apply the 180º degree rule where the viewer stays on the line of action
Storyboard
A storyboard is a diagram that divides the action of a movie scene into separate panels.
Fig 1.2: Storyboard
Week 4: Production
Production stages
Pre-production: The planning phase of the filmmaking process is when all the preparations are completed before the camera starts to roll.
Production: This phase involves the actual filming of the scene.
Post-production: At this phase, the video is combined and edited to create the finished product.
Production Crew
A group of experts known as the production crew collaborate to make a movie or video.
1. Director: The director is in charge of directing the entire production and making sure the project's creative vision is carried out.
2. Producer: The producer is in charge of the production's finances and logistics.
3. Cinematographer: Also referred to as the director of photography (DP), the cinematographer is in charge of the movie's style.
4. Production Designer: This person is in charge of the entire visual aesthetic of the movie, which includes the sets, outfits, and accessories.
5. Sound Designer: The sound designer is in charge of the movie's audio, which includes the dialogue, sound effects, and music recordings and editing.
6. Editor: The editor is responsible for assembling the footage into a coherent and compelling story.
INSTRUCTIONS
IN CLASS ACTIVITIES
Week 1: Basics of Cinematography
Exercise 1: Editing Practical
Compiling the clips in order and export to a final video.
Week 2: Storytelling
1. Lalin
1. Which part is act 1, act 2, act 3 respectively? Describe each act with ONE paragraph only.
Act 1 is Lalin posing as a net idol. Act 2 is when she chats with an anonymous man. Act 3 is after she reads the book and becomes sentimental.
2. What is the inciting incident in the movie?
When the man approaches her online on writing a book.
3. What is the midpoint scene in the movie?
She video calls him while chatting with him.
4. What is the Climax scene in the movie?
He visits her in Japan in the cafe.
5.What is the theme of the movie?
There is someone who will accept you for who you are.
2. Everything, everywhere, all at once
1. Which part is act 1, act 2, act 3 respectively? Describe each act with ONE paragraph only.
Act 1 is Evelyn and Waymond operating a laundromat. Act 2 is Evelyn travels into parallel dimensions both literally and philosophically. Act 3 is Evelyn introducing Joy’s girlfriend to her father.
2. What is the inciting incident in the movie?
Evelyn and Waymond visiting the IRS people.
3. What is the midpoint scene in the movie?
She felt drawn towards the nothingness of the everything bagel, which is why she wanted to give in to its power.
4. What is the Climax scene in the movie?
Evelyn introducing Joy’s girlfriend to her father.
5.What is the theme of the movie?
Human relationships giving life purpose.
Fig 2.1: Three Act Structure Quiz
Reflection
I fully understand the three act structure. I have read the materials.
WEEK 3: Framing & Storyboard
John Lewis Christmas Advert, and name the shot size of each shots.
Fig 1.2: John Lewis Christmas Advert 2014
Fig 1.3: John Lewis Christmas Advert 2014
1. Medium shot2. Wide shot
3. Medium shot
4. Wide shot
5. Close up shot
6. Medium shot
7. Close up shot
8. Close up shot
Why the bottom shot IS NOT an O.S shot?
Over the shoulder shot is a high shot.
Unsung Hero, and name the shot size of each shots.
Fig 1.4-1.8: Unsung Hero
1-4. Close up shot
5. Medium shot
6. Wide shot
7. Medium shot
8. Close up shot
9. Wide shot
10. Over the shoulder shot
11. Wide shot
12. Over the shoulder shot
13. Wide shot
14. Over the shoulder shot
15. Medium shot
16. Wide shot
Depth of field
1. What are the foreground, midground, and background in composition? Provide an image for explanation.
Fig 1.9: Composition
The foreground of a photograph is the area nearest to you. The background is the element that is farthest away from you, and the middle ground is what is between.2. What is depth of field?
The distance in a camera-captured image between the closest and farthest objects that are in a reasonably clear focus is known as the depth of field.
3. What is deep depth of field? Provide an image for explanation.
Fig 1.10: Deep Depth of Field
Both the foreground and background are crisp and distinct with a deep depth of focus. Every detail in the frame is visible to the viewer as well.
4. What is shallow depth of field? Provide an image for explanation.
Fig 1.10: Shallow Depth of Field
One plane of the scene is in focus while the others are out of focus when there is shallow focus.Screen direction
1. What is 180 degree rule (static screen direction)?
According to the 180-degree rule, there should always be an equal left/right relationship between two or more characters in a scene.
2. What is continuity in cinematography?
The idea of continuity in cinema refers to the requirement that a series of shots feel unified and seamless as if they were a single shot.
3. Watch the video below. Does it adhere to the 180 degree rule?
Yes. The camera(s) on the same side of an imaginary 180-degree line that you create between these two characters (or subjects) in order to comply with the requirement.
4. What is dynamic screen direction?
Dynamic movement is used in advanced screen direction to portray action, emotion, and story development. This comprises intricate actor-camera choreography to produce visually stunning moments, or tracking shots that follow a character.
Exercise 1: Framing Shooting
The types of shots listed down below:
1. Low angle Wide shot
2. Frontal MCU (soft background)
3. Frontal MS (soft background)
4. Extreme Close-Up shot
5. Side angle MS (soft background)
6. ¾ angling MCU shot (with blurry/soft foreground)
7. Close-Up shot
8. Eye-Level Medium-Wide shot
Editing: Editing Practise 3 (Lalin)
Fig 2.2: Storyboard in Film Making Quiz
Reflection
Costume designs are not included in storyboard. Storyboard can help a filmmaker prevent continuity errors.Week 4: Production
Fig 2.3: Production Stages Quiz
Reflection
Pre-production typically involves the most physical and logistical challenges. I have understanding of production crew.
REFLECTION
Experience: I learned a lot about cinematography. Such as storytelling, framing and storyboard, production.
Observations: Reading the materials given has made me understand the content and better able to answer to the quiz.
Findings: I learned from the lectures and self studying.
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